沙漠型景区旅游环境承载力预警研究——以宁夏沙坡头为例     

宋小龙  李陇堂  王艳茹  石磊  杨萍  高秀云 《中国沙漠》2019,39(2):19-26

以沙坡头景区为例，引入预警理论，运用旅游环境承载率计算公式和BP神经网络预测模型对沙漠型景区现状和未来旅游环境承载力进行预警分析。结果表明：（1）将沙漠型景区旅游环境承载力预警警界区间划分为弱载（<0.8）、适载（0.8~1.0）、轻度超载（1.0~1.2）、中度超载（1.2~1.5）、严重超载（>1.5）等5个级别，对应的预警状态分别用黑灯、绿灯、黄灯、橙灯和红灯来警示；（2）沙坡头景区现状旅游环境承载力在旅游旺季整体上处于弱载状态，但"五一"、"十一"假期处于超载状态；（3）沙坡头景区在2016-2020年内旅游环境承载力仍会处于不断上升的趋势，但速度会放缓，"五一"、"十一"假期旅游高峰期间会处于超载状态。根据承载力预警结果，提出不同承载状态的预警方案。  相似文献   

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孟元林  胡安文  乔德武  解习农  潘雪梅  王建伟  田伟志 《地质学报》2012,86(2):325-334

为了研究松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层的区域成岩规律及其影响因素和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制,本文进一步细分了成岩阶段,并分别研究了各构造单元的成岩特征,应用流体包裹体均一温度、镜质组反射率、孢粉颜色指数、热解分析、有机酸、X-衍射分析、普通薄片、扫描电镜、铸体薄片等资料分别划分了各构造单元的成岩阶段。结果表明,徐家围子断陷深层的成岩作用具有"隆起区较强、坳陷区较弱"的成岩规律,断陷中部的隆起区抬升剥蚀幅度大、地温梯度高、时代相对较老,成岩作用强;断陷两侧的坳陷区抬升剥蚀幅度小、地温梯度低、时代相对较新,成岩作用弱。储层的成岩作用对致密储层的含油气性具有明显的控制作用,砂岩、砾岩工业气层的勘探下限分别为中成岩阶段B1亚期和晚成岩阶段A期对应的深度。  相似文献   

U–Pb zircon geochronology,geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the age and origin of basaltic porphyries from western Liaoning Province,China     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1052-1070

Basaltic porphyries from the northeast North China craton (NCC) provide an excellent opportunity to examine the nature of their mantle source and the secular evolution of the underlying mantle lithosphere. In addition, the study helps to constrain the age and the mechanism of NCC lithospheric destruction. In this paper, we report geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of a suite of mafic lavas. Detailed laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating yielded an age of 223.3 ± 1.1 million years, which we regard as representing the crystallization age of the basaltic porphyries. The bulk-rock analysed samples are enriched in both large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (i.e. Ba, Sr, and Pb) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), but depleted in high field strong elements (HFSEs) (i.e. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), without significant Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?= 089–0.98). The basaltic porphyries have undergone low degrees (～5%) of partial melting of a garnet-bearing lherzolite mantle. The rocks display very uniform (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i (0.70557–0.70583) and negative ?_Nd (t) values (–11.9 to –10.1). These features indicate that the western Liaoning basaltic porphyries were derived from a common enriched lithosphere mantle that had previously been metasomatized by fluids related to subduction of Palaeo-Asian sedimentary units. However, the mafic melts were not affected to a significant degree by crustal contamination. Based on earlier studies, these findings provide new evidence that the northeast margin of the NCC had undergone a phase of post-orogenic extensional tectonics during the Middle Triassic. Furthermore, lithospheric thinning occurring across the northern NCC might have been initiated during Early Triassic times and was likely controlled by the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean, as well as the collision of Mongolian arc terrenes with the NCC.  相似文献   

Geochronological and geochemical study of gneiss–schist complexes and associated granitoids,Beishan Orogen,southern Altaids     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1705-1727

The tectonic nature of metamorphic terranes and their role in orogenesis are problematic. Here we present new U–Pb ages and geochemical data for widespread metamorphic rocks and associated granitoids from Northwest China. Orthogneisses from the metamorphic complexes have crystallization ages of ～457, ～452, and ～526 Ma. One paragneiss (schist) has a maximum depositional age of 312 ± 7 Ma. Three foliated granites were emplaced at ～450, ～349, and ～410 Ma, and all lack inherited Precambrian ages. The metamorphic terranes may have undergone multiple petrotectonic events as revealed by the metamorphic ages. Both the orthogneisses and granitoids show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare Earth elements (LREEs), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs), which indicate that they formed in a subduction-generated accretionary arc setting. Our study demonstrates that the metamorphic terranes in the Beishan area, originally considered as Precambrian basement with suspected Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic ages, are actually parts of early Palaeozoic arcs. The protoliths were probably metamorphosed arc plutonic and sedimentary rocks. Combined with other studies, we speculate that the Beishan Orogen formed by progressive arc accretion during the latest Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic time. This new interpretation has implications for other high-grade metamorphic terranes within orogens that have been assumed to represent ancient or pre-existing micro-continental blocks. If so, the importance of collision as a mechanism of mountain building has been overestimated, and the accretionary process as a mechanism of continental growth has been underestimated.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and mineralization of the Hulu Ni-Cu sulphide deposit in Xinjiang,NW China: constraints from Sr-Nd isotopic and PGE compositions     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):711-733

The Permian Hulu intrusion is one of several sulphide-bearing Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the eastern part of the eastern Tianshan located at the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in Xinjiang, NW China. The intrusion is composed of lherzolite, olivine websterite, gabbro, and gabbro-diorite. Disseminated and net-textured Ni-Cu sulphide ores are located at the bottom of the lopolith complex. Negative Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta anomalies, whole-rock εNd(t) values of +5.7 to +8.8, and variable (Th/Nb)_PM values (from 1.06 to 8.13) suggest that the source of the Hulu complexes is depleted mantle metasomatized by subducted slab-derived fluid and/or melt (~5% global subducted sediment and 15% slab fluid) that has experienced approximately 3% lower crustal and 10% upper crustal contamination. The Hulu intrusion is characterized by low PGE abundances i.e. 0.03–1.08 ppb Ir, 0.04–0.69 ppb Ru, 0.02–2.15 ppb Rh, 0.30–48.71 ppb Pt, and 0.21–344 ppb Pd. Our calculations indicate that if the Pd, Os, Ir, and Cu contents of the primary magma were 2.1 ppb, 0.03 ppb, 0.05 ppb, and 200 ppm, respectively, a variable R-factor between 200 and 1600 with residual magma that had experienced 0.01% early-sulphide segregation can explain the variation in Pd, Os, and Ir contents of sulphide-poor and disseminated sulphide samples of the Hulu deposit. Basaltic magma fractionation and assimilation and/or contamination of sulphur-bearing crustal materials might have triggered sulphur saturation to form Cu-Ni sulphide ores. Tarim basaltic PGE contents cannot be used as the mineralized parent magma for the Hulu intrusion because of the differing evolutionary trends of the Ni/Pd and Cu/Ir values. However, similar Cu/Ni and Pd/Ir values in Tarim basalts and Hulu Cu-Ni sulphide ores, as well as the same early sulphide segregation process, show that certain genetic relationships between them and magma sources are probably similar to each other.  相似文献   

Early Carnian anoxic event as recorded in the southern Tethyan margin,Tunisia: an overview     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(15):1884-1905

Considerable attention has been given to the Carnian (Late Triassic) Pluvial and Reingraben events associated with organic-rich shale accumulation in the Germanic basin, Alps, southern Appenines as well as in northwestern Tethyan margins. Less interest has been shown to the southern Tethyan portion represented by the northern margin of Africa, including Tunisia. Tunisian basins represented by the Tellian domain, Tunisian trough, the ‘Dorsale’, and the North–South Axis (NOSA) belong to the southern Tethyan margin, where northern and central areas record the early Carnian anoxic event within an extensive carbonate platform. This short-lived (~2 million year) period of anoxia ranges within the Aonoides to Austriacum ammonite zones, and corresponds in Tunisia generally to intermediate to shallow water environments marked by organic-rich black limestone, dolomite, and shale. Interestingly, toward the south, the dysaerobic conditions in the Jeffara–southern Dahar basin appear to have prevailed locally also in the early Carnian. Here we review evidence of early Carnian anoxia in Tunisia based on the analysis of more than 17 Triassic sections and wireline logs from several petroleum exploration wells penetrating the black dolomites, limestones, and shales. In addition, biostratigraphic and complete geochemical reviews have been undertaken from published papers and unpublished internal reports to better assess this important and promising hydrocarbon source interval.  相似文献   

Ordovician volcano–sedimentary iron deposits of the Eastern Tianshan area,Northwest China: the Tianhu example     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1398-1416

ABSTRACT

The stratabound Tianhu iron deposit, with a reserve of 104 Mt at 42% Fe, is located in the eastern part of the Central Tianshan zone in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The deposit hosts schist, quartzite, marble, amphibolite, and granitic gneiss belonging to the Tianhu Group. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to perform zircon U–Pb geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Hf isotope analyses of the metavolcanic host rocks for constraining the timing and genesis of the Tianhu iron deposit. According to the newly determined age constraints of 452 ± 3 and 477 ± 4 Ma, the iron deposit was concluded to be Ordovician in age. Geochemistry and zircon Lu–Hf isotope analyses suggested that the host rocks of the deposit represent metamorphosed arc-type volcanic rocks generated by the partial melting of a lower crustal source. Combined with geological and ore petrographic characteristics, the Tianhu iron deposit is interpreted to be of volcano–sedimentary origin with enrichment during subsequent metamorphism. The early Palaeozoic marks a critical iron mineralization epoch in the Eastern Tianshan area. The results also support the model of the Central Tianshan area as a volcanic-arc during the early Palaeozoic, associated with the subduction of the Northern Tianshan Ocean.  相似文献   

中国东部中生代钼矿成岩-成矿时差     

杜保峰  李艳军  燕长海  陈冲  罗雪  王明志  张戈红 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(2):165-176

与岩浆成因相关的钼矿床成岩-成矿时差是确定矿床与岩浆岩成因关系的重要基础.本文根据收集的中国东部中生代典型钼矿床的成矿及相关岩体的同位素测年数据,详细讨论并定量厘定了钼矿的成岩-成矿时差分布特征.结果表明,钼矿成矿同步或略滞后于同源岩浆活动,中国东部整个钼矿成矿高峰的两个阶段时差介于0～10.0 Ma和0～15.0 Ma;对于单个钼矿床,其成岩-成矿时差集中在0～14.0 Ma,均值为3.9 Ma;从斑岩型钼矿床→斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿床→矽卡岩型钼矿床→石英脉型钼矿床,成岩-成矿时差呈逐渐增加趋势,这与岩浆热液成矿过程的地质事实吻合.  相似文献   

松辽盆地北部泉三、四段低渗透储层孔隙度演化史     

刘贵满  孟元林  魏巍 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(3):266-274

为了预测松辽盆地北部泉三、四段储层的孔隙度、恢复孔隙演化史,本文综合考虑沉积相和成岩作用对储层孔隙度的影响,建立了孔隙度关于沉积相指数、成岩指数和深度等多因素非线性模型,预测了泉四段储层的孔隙度,恢复了孔隙演化史.结果表明,在泉四段储层填隙物高达16％的条件下,孔隙度预测的平均绝对误差仅为1.84％;在碎屑岩埋藏的早期,储层孔隙度主要受沉积相的影响,在晚期则受成岩作用的控制,次生孔隙主要发育在中成岩阶段A1亚期和A2亚期的早期;同一层位的储层孔隙度从古到今逐渐减小,在松辽盆地北部的主要成藏期(嫩江期末),中央坳陷泉四段Sq1的储层主要属于中～高孔隙度储层,有利于油气藏的形成,在明水组沉积的后期才变为致密储层.  相似文献   

雪峰山西侧重点白云岩储层成岩、储集特征 及质量影响因素     

李嵘  张娣  赵瞻  朱丽霞 《地质通报》2012,31(11):1852-1861

雪峰山西侧地区下古生界中—上寒武统和震旦系灯影组白云岩是潜在的重要油气储集层。作为主要目的层段,本区的白云岩类型主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、灰质白云岩和藻白云岩四大类。白云岩储层总体上均属于低—特低孔、低—特低渗储层。影响储层发育的成岩事件包括重结晶作用、白云岩化作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等。研究表明,白云岩结晶程度可以影响其初始孔隙的发育程度,具粉晶—细晶结晶程度的白云岩具有最好的孔渗性。白云岩化作用的强弱对储层物性具有较为直接的影响。最佳白云岩储层中主要储集空间包括晶间孔隙(包括剩余晶间孔和晶间溶蚀孔)、次生溶孔、洞和裂缝。总体上,较强的白云岩化作用、一定程度的重结晶、较发育的微裂缝、较好的区域渗透性、晚期压溶缝合线发育和晚期较大构造缝不发育等因素有利于白云岩储层的发育。  相似文献